heat exhaustion

Introduction to heat exhaustion 

Heat exhaustion is a milder form of heat-related illness that can develop after several days of exposure to high temperatures and inadequate or unbalanced replacement of fluids. Those most prone to heat exhaustion are elderly people, people with high blood pressure, and people working or exercising in a hot environment.

Heat exhaustion symptoms

Warning signs of heat exhaustion include:

• heavy sweating
  
• paleness
  
• muscle cramps
  
• tiredness
  
• weakness
  
• dizziness
  
• headache
  
• nausea or vomiting
  
• fainting

The skin may be cool and moist. The victim's pulse rate will be fast and weak, and breathing will be fast and shallow. If heat exhaustion is untreated, it may progress to heat stroke, which is a medical emergency. Seek medical attention and call 911 immediately if:

• symptoms are severe, or
  
• the victim has heart problems or high blood pressure.

Otherwise, help the victim to cool off, and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or last longer than 1 hour.

Heat exhaustion treatment

Cooling measures that may be effective include:

• cool, non-alcoholic beverages, as directed by your physician
  
• rest
  
• cool shower, bath, or sponge bath
  
• an air-conditioned environment
  
• Lightweight clothing