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Sterilization techniques include all the means used to completely eliminate or destroy living microorganisms on any object, including tools used to test or treat patients.
However, many types of microorganisms are pathogenic (considered foreign to the host body) and, upon entering the body, cause infection when they either damage cells directly or release toxins that will eventually cause damage. The prevention of disease-causing microbes in a patient-care environment is generally accomplished through aseptic or sterile techniques. The goal is to create as germ-free an environment as possible, primarily through sterilization and the maintenance of sterile/nonsterile barriers.
Purpose
The term microorganism, or microbe, refers to any single-celled living organism, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. (Though viruses are not true single-celled organisms, medical science still usually classifies them as microorganisms.) Microbes can be transferred by direct contact or indirectly through a vehicle (like a surgical tool) or via the air the patient breathes. If favorable conditions for growth exist in the new host, microbes reproduce and establish colonies. Many of these microscopic organisms are normal inhabitants of the human body (called microflora). For example, varieties of the bacterium Staphylococcus are normal inhabitants of the skin and nasal passages, and many different species of bacteria live in the small and large intestine, aiding in the process of digestion.However, many types of microorganisms are pathogenic (considered foreign to the host body) and, upon entering the body, cause infection when they either damage cells directly or release toxins that will eventually cause damage. The prevention of disease-causing microbes in a patient-care environment is generally accomplished through aseptic or sterile techniques. The goal is to create as germ-free an environment as possible, primarily through sterilization and the maintenance of sterile/nonsterile barriers.
Precautions
Like foods sold in the grocery store, sterile medical and surgical solutions and some other equipment have expiration dates indicating when the product is no longer considered sterile. Although many hospitals consider sterile, prepackaged disposable materials to be sterile indefinitely if the packaging is undamaged, sterile goods must be examined carefully to ensure that there are no breaks in the integrity of the packaging or that the package has not gotten wet. Microbes are able to enter sterile goods through either breaks in the wrapping (the sterile barrier) or moisture. If the wrapper is no longer intact, or has been wet, sterile goods must be repackaged and resterilized.Read more: http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/sterilization-techniques#ixzz3HpNCcYQh
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